Unveiling the Hidden Spectrum: Autism in Women Beyond the Norm

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1.1. Autism Spectrum Disorder in Females: A Hidden Struggle
2.1. Diagnostic Bias and Criteria

Autism Spectrum Disorder in Females: A Hidden Struggle

The traditional understanding of autism has often overlooked or misdiagnosed girls and women on the spectrum. Their symptoms may manifest differently, leading to under-recognition.

Females with autism may experience heightened sensory sensitivities, which can be overwhelming both emotionally and physically. They may also struggle with social interactions and communication, but their academic achievements may mask these difficulties.

Diagnostic criteria have evolved to address this bias. The integration of separate diagnostic categories into a single autism spectrum disorder class has improved recognition rates. However, there are still no reliable biomarkers for autism, so diagnosis relies on behavioral observations and a clinical assessment of core traits that significantly impact daily functioning.

Diagnostic Bias and Criteria

Diagnostic bias can arise from preconceived notions about autism, leading to under-diagnosis in females. Criteria that emphasize social deficits may overlook girls who present with more subtle difficulties in this area.

To address this, diagnostic criteria have been revised to include a broader range of symptoms and to consider the impact of gender on presentation. This has resulted in an increase in autism diagnoses among females.