Unveiling the Enigma of Anxiety: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Nature, Origins, and Manifestations

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1.1. Anxiety: A Spectrum of Experiences
2.1. Normal Anxiety
3.1. Pathological Anxiety
4.1. Anxiety Disorders
5.1. Selective Mutism

Anxiety: A Spectrum of Experiences

Anxiety is a normal human emotion that serves as an adaptive response to perceived threats. However, when anxiety becomes excessive and interferes with daily functioning, it can be considered pathological.

Normal Anxiety

Normal anxiety, also known as physiological or alarm anxiety, is a temporary state of heightened arousal that prepares the body and mind to respond to potential threats. It is characterized by increased heart rate, muscle tension, and mental alertness.

Pathological Anxiety

Pathological anxiety, on the other hand, is a persistent and debilitating condition that significantly impairs an individual's ability to function. It can manifest in various forms, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.

Anxiety Disorders

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent feelings of anxiety and fear. These emotions are often disproportionate to the actual threat and cause significant distress or impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Selective Mutism

Selective mutism is a specific anxiety disorder that affects children. It is characterized by an inability to speak in certain social situations, such as school or public gatherings, despite being able to communicate normally in other settings.